生物进化分类

Phylogenetic and symbiogenetic tree of living organisms, showing the origins of eukaryotes

Kingdoms

Animals

Phylum Described species Land Sea Freshwater Free-living Parasitic
Arthropoda 1,257,000[70] 1,000,000
(insects)[78] 		>40,000
(Malac-
ostraca)[79] 		94,000[71] Yes[72] >45,000[c][73]
Mollusca 85,000[70]
107,000[80] 		35,000[80] 60,000[80] 5,000[71]
12,000[80] 		Yes[72] >5,600[73]
Chordata >70,000[70][81] 23,000[82] 13,000[82] 18,000[71]
9,000[82] 		Yes 40
(catfish)[83][73]
Platyhelminthes 29,500[70] Yes[84] Yes[72] 1,300[71] Yes[72] 3,000–6,500[85] >40,000[73] 4,000–25,000[85]
Nematoda 25,000[70] Yes (soil)[72] 4,000[74] 2,000[71] 11,000[74] 14,000[74]
Annelida 17,000[70] Yes (soil)[72] Yes[72] 1,750[71] Yes 400[73]
Cnidaria 16,000[70] Yes[72] Yes (few)[72] Yes[72] >1,350
(Myxozoa)[73]
Porifera 10,800[70] Yes[72] 200–300[71] Yes Yes[86]
Echinodermata 7,500[70] 7,500[70] Yes[72]
Bryozoa 6,000[70] Yes[72] 60–80[71] Yes
Rotifera 2,000[70] >400[87] 2,000[71] Yes
Nemertea 1,350[88][89] Yes Yes Yes
Tardigrada 1,335[70] Yes[90]
(moist plants) 		Yes Yes Yes
Gastrotricha 794[70] Yes[90] Yes Yes
Xenacoelomorpha 430[70] Yes[90] Yes
Nematomorpha 354[70] Yes
(moist places)[90] 		Yes
(one genus)[91] 		Yes Yes
(as adults)[90] 		Yes
(as juveniles)[90]
Brachiopoda 396[70]
(30,000 extinct)[90] 		Yes[90] Yes
Kinorhyncha 196[70] Yes (mud)[90] Yes
Ctenophora 187[70] Yes[90] Yes
Onychophora 187[70] Yes[90] Yes
Chaetognatha 186[70] Yes[90] Yes
Entoprocta 172[70] Yes[90] Yes Yes
Hemichordata 126[70] Yes[90] Yes
Rhombozoa 107[70] Yes
Gnathostomulida 97[70] Yes (sand)[90] Yes
Loricifera 30[70] Yes (sand)[90] Yes
Orthonectida 29[70] Yes
Priapulida 20[70] Yes[90] Yes
Phoronida 16[70] Yes[90] Yes
Placozoa 4[92] Yes[90] Yes
Cycliophora 2[93] Yes[93] Yes[94][93]
Micrognathozoa One[90] Yes (sand)[90] Yes

Invertebrate groups:

Annelids
Arachnids
Crustaceans
Echinoderms
Flatworms
Insects
Molluscs
Nematodes

Chordata

Fish evolution

Divergent Genomes of Teleosts

reference: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-030117-014821
The-Divergent-Genomes-of-Teleosts下载

300 Actinopterygians (blue and red) and three sarcopterygian outgroups (green) with divergence dates estimated

reference: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719358115

Chronogram with divergence times estimated

Fig.S9-fish genomes下载

Phylogeny of Actinopterygii

Phylogeny of Actinopterygii, detailing the relationship of the classes Cladistia and Actinopteri, the subclasses Chondrostei and Neopterygii, the infraclasses Holostei and Teleostei, and the cohorts Elopomorpha, Euteleosteomorpha, Otomorpha, and Osteoglossomorpha. The five groups included in boxes have representatives in Neotropical Ichthyofauna. The number of orders and the total number of species in each group (updated July 2018 according to Eschmeyer et al., 2018) are informed on the right.